Because you need Administrator privileges to access the BCD file with BCDEDIT. So, be sure to run the Command Prompt

using a RIGHT-CLICK and selecting:

("Run as administrator").

The following is what you would typically see when entering the command bcdedit all by itself:

Note that the Boot Manager program (bootmgr) is often located in a volume without a drive letter, such as in this example, but it could have one. If there were only one partition on the drive, then it would appear in the C: partition.

The following is a dump of a Windows™ 7/8 (or Vista) Administrator console (Command Prompt window) after entering "help bcdedit" ("bcdedit /?" will give the same):

BCDEDIT - Boot Configuration Data Store Editor

The Bcdedit.exe command-line tool modifies the boot configuration data store.
The boot configuration data store contains boot configuration parameters and
controls how the operating system is booted. These parameters were previously
in the Boot.ini file (in BIOS-based operating systems) or in the nonvolatile
RAM entries (in Extensible Firmware Interface-based operating systems). You can
use Bcdedit.exe to add, delete, edit, and append entries in the boot
configuration data store.

For detailed command and option information, type bcdedit.exe /? <command>. For
example, to display detailed information about the /createstore command, type:

     bcdedit.exe /? /createstore

For an alphabetical list of topics in this help file, run "bcdedit /? TOPICS".

Commands that operate on a store
================================
/createstore    Creates a new and empty boot configuration data store.
/export         Exports the contents of the system store to a file. This file
                can be used later to restore the state of the system store.
/import         Restores the state of the system store using a backup file
                created with the /export command.

Commands that operate on entries in a store
===========================================
/copy           Makes copies of entries in the store.
/create         Creates new entries in the store.
/delete         Deletes entries from the store.

Run bcdedit /? ID for information about identifiers used by these commands.

Commands that operate on entry options
======================================
/deletevalue    Deletes entry options from the store.
/set            Sets entry option values in the store.

Run bcdedit /? TYPES for a list of datatypes used by these commands.
Run bcdedit /? FORMATS for a list of valid data formats.

Commands that control output
============================
/enum           Lists entries in the store.
/v              Command-line option that displays entry identifiers in full,
                rather than using names for well-known identifiers.
                Use /v by itself as a command to display entry identifiers
                in full for the ACTIVE type.

Running "bcdedit" by itself is equivalent to running "bcdedit /enum ACTIVE".

Commands that control the boot manager
======================================
/bootsequence   Sets the one-time boot sequence for the boot manager.
/default        Sets the default entry that the boot manager will use.
/displayorder   Sets the order in which the boot manager displays the
                multiboot menu.
/timeout        Sets the boot manager time-out value.
/toolsdisplayorder  Sets the order in which the boot manager displays
                    the tools menu.

Commands that control Emergency Management Services for a boot application
==========================================================================
/bootems        Enables or disables Emergency Management Services
                for a boot application.
/ems            Enables or disables Emergency Management Services for an
                operating system entry.
/emssettings    Sets the global Emergency Management Services parameters.

Command that control debugging
==============================
/bootdebug      Enables or disables boot debugging for a boot application.
/dbgsettings    Sets the global debugger parameters.
/debug          Enables or disables kernel debugging for an operating system
                entry.

Note: What you see above is exactly how a Vista/Win7/8 display appears; and, yes, the word "Command" in the last heading was spelled wrong by Microsoft, it should be plural (Commands) just like all the others. And if there really was only one, then the word "control" should have had an 's' after it! This was still true for a Windows 7 SP1 install we examined, and even Windows 8.1. Is this a case of "If it ain't broke, don't fix it!"? Apparently, the cost of qualifying a revised program outweighs this grammatical error.

And even though Windows™ 10 added six new commands (shown in white below), they doubled the same grammatical error (shown in red). Now it's incorrect for both of the last two command types:

Sinhala+wal+cartoon+chithra+katha+upd -

First, outline key points: introduction to Sinhala cartoons, historical background, types (traditional, modern), how they're distributed (print, digital), educational value, role in preserving culture, popular examples, current trends, and maybe future prospects. Need to mention how they blend humor, satire, and cultural elements. Also, perhaps their use in education or social commentary. Make sure to structure it clearly with headings, but since the user didn't specify a structure, keep it flowing. Use Sinhalese terms appropriately, maybe provide brief explanations.

Check for any common misunderstandings, like confusing Sinhalese cartoons with general Sri Lankan media. Ensure the focus remains on Sinhala language and culture. Avoid jargon unless explained. Finally, conclude with the significance of these forms in contemporary media and their potential growth. Make sure the tone is informative but accessible, suitable for both casual readers and those interested in cultural studies. sinhala+wal+cartoon+chithra+katha+upd

Need to make the article engaging, perhaps include anecdotes or examples if known. If I don't have specific names, keep it general. Emphasize the importance in preserving Sinhalese culture and language, especially since some content is aimed at children. Also, address how they blend traditional themes with modern storytelling techniques. First, outline key points: introduction to Sinhala cartoons,

Wait, the user's query includes "Sinhala+wal+cartoon," so maybe "wal" is "for Sinhalese" or "Sinhalese version." So "Sinhalawal cartoon" would be Sinhalese cartoons. Need to confirm that. Also, "cartoon chithra katha" could be a term referring to illustrated comic strips. Need to define these terms for clarity. Maybe start with a definition of each term. Also, the "upd" could mean "update" or "updated version," so maybe include recent developments in the genre. Make sure to structure it clearly with headings,

සිංහල කුඩුකරකරණ කථා සහ සිතියම් යනු සෙසල්ල සිංහල සංස්කෘතියක් තුළ භාවිතා කරන ලිඛිත සහ පූර්ණ රචනා විලභු, තොරණ ශිල්ප යන හැකියාවක් වෙයි. මෙහි යළි ග්‍රාෆික් කාබලීන්, කිරුසුන්, ස්ටේෂන් ඔයිල් ඩිවයින් සහ මූල්කර්මා ආකාර ඇති ව්‍යාපාරීහි ඇති පොදු විශිෂ්ටයකි. මේ සමගින් අදහස දෙනු ලබා යාම මිනිත්තුවෙන් පරාහක් හෝ පෙරේරණා පැවැත්වීම සඳහා බඳු මේ යෙදිය හැකිය. අධ්‍යයන, ශිෂ්‍යකාත්‍රන්, හෝ විශේෂිතකාවරුන් හඳුනාගැනීම සඳහා කුඩුකරකරණ කථා සඳහා කයින්තුරු හඳුනාගමු. මෙම ආකාරයෙන් කරුණු සයිංග් හෝ බාලක කොල්ලදායකේ නියුක්තීම් වගුවෝ නිටැන්හි කෙට්ටහන් වේ. අල්ලු සුරණේ පවත්නා පිරිසක් සඳහා කාවදි දැක්වීමට, කායික ශාලාකණ්ඩ හෝ ශ්‍රිදර්ශන පරිප්‍රේරිතය පවතින නියුක්තීම් වඩා සිතියම් වර්ගය භාවිතා කල හැකිය. සිංහල කුඩු ජැත්‍ත සත්‍යව සහ වෙනත් ශිල්ප්‍ය විශේෂත්‍වයක් පෙනී සිහිණිය වීම සිංහල කුඩු කෛරි දේ සිතියම

I need to create a comprehensive article introducing Sinhala cartoons and chithra katha, their history, current state, and their role in the community. The user probably wants something informative that can be used as a resource. They might be looking for educational content, maybe for schools or cultural preservation. I should check if "chithra katha" refers specifically to traditional illustrations or modern comics.

Potential challenges: Ensuring accuracy about the history of Sinhalese cartoons, since they might not be as widely documented as Western comics. Also, avoiding cultural bias, presenting a balanced view. Need to highlight key milestones in the development of these media in Sri Lanka. Should mention key creators or publishers if possible. Also, how they are received by different age groups. Maybe touch on digital platforms and social media influencing their spread.

After examining this backup file in our Documents folder (using HxD), our first reaction was: "Man, this thing appears to be full of all kinds of needless 'gunk'!" It even saves the path and filename to this backup file, inside the file itself!

Then we compared it to the original BCD file by making a copy of that file while the OS was offline (connected as a slave drive to a different OS), and found there were MANY differences! So, the 'backup copy' is not really a true copy. And the differences go well beyond simply changing the path name of its location.

So why is this file so 'cluttered' compared to the Windows XP boot.ini file? Its first 4 bytes are a big clue: "regf". Reason: The BCD file has the same format as a Windows Registry hive! (For example, the NTUSER.DAT file begins with the same 4 bytes.) And in fact, once a Windows Vista/7/8 OS has actually started booting-up, it loads the BCD file into the Windows Registry at: HKEY_LOCAL_MACHINE\BCD00000000.

What happens if we change the NT Disk Signature on a Windows 7 disk drive?

To test this, we used a disk editor to alter the bytes at offsets 0x1B8 through 0x1BB in the MBR (first sector of the disk drive) by simply adding 1 to each byte. If you attempt to boot a PC after doing that, you'll see the following BLACK error screen:

In previous Windows versions, the OS would still boot up this way; even though there was the possibility some program that used the Disk Signature could then have problems. Note: The same error message, with Status: code of 0xc000000e, will also be displayed if we change those NT Sig. bytes to all zeros! Only if you edit these bytes back to their original values will the PC boot-up again.

It's also possible to see such an error if your PC is somehow directed to start booting from a drive other than the normal boot drive, and the BCD Store on that drive points to the first drive, which will obviously contain a different Disk Sig. than what is stored in that drive's BCD. Most PC BIOS have a 'Boot Menu' (often accessible using the F12 key at boot-up) which temporarily makes whatever drive you select, be the first drive on the PC, so a Windows 7, 8.1 or 10 OS on that drive will not have this error! (Note: Unless you plan on always keeping an original Windows OS drive and a new Windows OS drive both connected to your PC, you should never do a new OS install with any other drives connected to the PC!) Why? Because new Windows OS installs often make changes to a primary disk drive, even when installed to a secondary drive! Disconnect all but the disk drive you intend to install a new Win OS on, and in the future you will be able to boot-up the new drive all by itself (or using a Boot Menu key) without it depending upon some primary disk drive you decided to remove, or that has failed.

NOTE: The error shown above is a function of the bootmgr program! We know this, because the same error message will be displayed after altering the NT Disk Signature on a drive that has had its entire C: Volume (where the actual Windows OS resides) removed! So, the Boot Manager must check the NT Disk Signature before it even looks for the presence of the C: Volume.

But how does bootmgr know what those hex bytes should be?

Answer: After examining both our copy and the original BCD file, we found the NT Disk Signature there, in the same order as found in the MBR Sector, no less than 9 times. For our small test install of a new Windows 7 OS, this shows where those bytes occurred (highlighted with a pink background color); along with all the other data contained in a BCD Store file. Note: The \Boot folder of your System Reserved partition will also contain a few LOG files: BCD.LOG, BCD.LOG1 and BCD.LOG2, but the numbered files are often empty. This LOG file is a copy of the BCD file, having the same location written inside it and all the general indications of a BCD Registry file, but about half its bytes may be different.

Why is it so difficult to move the C: Volume under Windows 7 or later?

To clarify: Under most previous Windows installs, such as Windows 98, people who performed multi-booting or simply had many different partitions on their PCs often used a program called Partition Magic to shrink or even completely rearrange the layout of partitions on their disk drives. But attempting to change where the C: Volume begins under Windows 7 results in a similar BLACK screen error as above; including the same exact message: "Info: The boot selection failed because a required device is inaccessible." But with a different code: "Status: 0xc0000225."

[Note: This is true whether the correct location is specified in the Partition Table or not; same Status code will be shown in either case. In fact, we doubt that bootmgr even looks at the Partition Table, provided it can find the C: volume where it is supposed to be!]

This problem is similar to the one above (concerning the NT Disk Signature), but involves the exact sector location of the C: drive's partition.

So where in the BCD file, is the sector location of the Windows Boot Sector stored?

The reason for the question being: Although we can find our drive's NT Disk Signature in the BCD Store, we can not find a sector location for the C: drive! Before searching, we had thought only the BCD file would need to be updated if we moved the C: Volume. We knew how partitions are referenced in a Windows REGISTRY (see NTFS Disk Signature), but could not find any similar bytes; other than the 4 bytes of the NT Disk Sig., in our BCD file! So how does bootmgr know where the sector offset location of a C: drive should be, and prevent booting from an OS volume we simply moved and did not resize; even though the data in both the Partition Table and its Boot Sector (Hidden Sectors which give us sector offset to Boot Sector) have already been updated?

Could it be as simple as the OS already having accessed the REGISTRY; with much of the system already running in Memory, it then finds the offset stored there does not match the values in the Partition Table and/or Boot Sector, so it gives us essentially a false message, stating: "The boot selection failed because a required device is inaccessible."? Yet, the bootmgr program could only know that if it did find and access the Registry.

Other Experiments:

2. We next carried out the following steps on a copy of our Windows 7 OS install in order to verify our theory about why Windows 7 does this:

A) Copy the hidden file bootmgr and various folders (including "Boot\enUS" and "Boot\Fonts") from the "System Reserved" partition to the root directory of the C:\ drive. Note: Five or six files must be 'skipped' when doing this, because the BCD Store (and associated files) will remain in use by the OS (preventing them from being copied)!
B) Create a copy of the BCD file in C:\Boot by using this command (as Administrator): bcdedit /export C:\Boot\BCD
C) Change the MBR Sector, so the main OS partition is the 'Active' partition.

After that we were able to boot-up the OS from only the C: drive. In order to prove this is true, we used HxD to zero-out the entry in the Partition Table for the System Reserved partition. (Note: The reason we did not use Windows to 'delete' the partition, is because that could have ruined being able to access it again in the future. By saving those hex bytes elsewhere and zero-filling the entry, we can simply enter those bytes in the table again, in order to restore and access the partition!) Upon rebooting and opening the Disk Management utility, one can graphically see this is true:

D) We shrank the size of this Volume (C:) to only 8 GB in order to run the next test below.

What about BOOTSTAT.DAT and BOOTSECT.BAK files?

E) shift the beginning of the C: drive to where the System Reserved partition had been, by correcting the data in both the Boot Sector (VBR) and the Partition Table; not to mention, actually moving the Boot Sector and its following Volume Boot Record sectors as well

Sinhala+wal+cartoon+chithra+katha+upd -

Sinhala+wal+cartoon+chithra+katha+upd -

Sinhala+wal+cartoon+chithra+katha+upd -

Sinhala+wal+cartoon+chithra+katha+upd -

What happens if we change the NT Disk Signature on a Windows 7 disk drive?

Why is it so difficult to move the C: Volume under Windows 7 or later?

Other Experiments: